Compared to blocked practice, what type of practice produces better long-term performance?

Variable practice is recognized for producing better long-term performance than blocked practice due to its focus on varying the conditions in which a skill is practiced. In variable practice, athletes engage in a range of different but related tasks, which helps to improve adaptability and transfer of skills to real-world or competitive scenarios. This approach enhances a learner's ability to recall and apply skills in ever-changing situations, making them more versatile performers.

Research supports the notion that constant repetition of a single skill in blocked practice can lead to short-term gains, but these gains may not be sustainable over time. In contrast, the diverse experiences provided by variable practice encourage deeper learning and retention because learners are required to engage more cognitively with the material, solving problems and adapting to new scenarios. This adaptability is crucial for success in dynamic environments, such as competitions.

Consequently, variable practice not only solidifies the foundational aspects of a skill but also prepares athletes to enhance their overall performance in a variety of contexts, ultimately leading to better long-term results.